History of Cologne - Wikipedia. The German city of Cologne was founded in the 1st century as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. It was taken by the Franks in the 5th century and became an important city of Medieval Germany, the seat of an Archbishop and a Prince- Elector. As the Free Imperial City of Cologne it was one of the centers of the Hanseatic League in the early modern period. Most of the city was destroyed in the bombing of Cologne in World War II, so it was of limited importance in post- war West Germany. It had returned to its pre- war population by 1. D. In the late 2.
Cologne grew into a center of the sprawling Rhine- Ruhr metropolitan area, with some 1. Cologne proper (as of 2.
Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich). Early history. Their headquarters was Oppidum Ubiorum (settlement of the Ubii) and at the same time an important Roman military base. In 5. 0 AD the Cologne- born Agrippina the Younger, wife of the Emperor Claudius, asked for her home village to be raised to the status of a colonia .
1 Conjunto de palabras o palabra que constituye una unidad m Memorias de Agripina, de Pierre Grimal, : La ambici Agripinai buvo nukirsta galva arba ji buvo mirtinai u
It was then renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis (colony of Claudius and the altar of Agrippina), shortened to Colonia Agrippina (Colony of Agrippina). In 8. 0 AD the Eifel Aqueduct was built. It was one of the longest aqueducts of the Roman Empire, delivering 2. Ten years later, the colonia became the capital of the Roman province of Lower Germany, Germania Inferior, with a total population of 4.
Cohen 1: Agrippina II, AE dupondius. Uncertain mint in Thrace. AGRIPPINA AVG GERMANICI F CAESARIS AVG, draped bust left, hair in long plait down neck / No. Musica Huaynos/agripina-huayllani en Linea, Escuchar Musica Huaynos/agripina-huayllani 2016, Huaynos/agripina-huayllani Online Gratis.
The Gallic Empire lasted only fourteen years. By the 3rd century, only some 2. Divitia later became a part of Cologne with the name Deutz. The presence of Jews in Cologne was documented in AD 3.
- Agripina Menor; Imperatriz-consorte romana; Busto de Agripina no Museu Arqueol. Reinado: 1 de janeiro de 49 — 13 de outubro de 54: Consorte.
- This article is part of a series on the: City of Cologne; History; Timeline; Culture; Mayors; Demographics; Districts; Transport; Streets.
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When exactly the first Jews arrived in the Rhineland area cannot now be established, but the Cologne community claims to be the oldest north of the Alps. Two lavish burial sites located near the Cathedral date from this period. In 3. 55 AD the Alemanni tribes besieged the town for 1. At the time, the garrison of Colonia Agrippina was under the generalship of Marcus Vitellus. The Roman colonia was reestablished several months afterwards by the soon- to- be Roman Emperor Julian, but as the Roman Empire came to an end, the Salian Franks captured Cologne in 4. Cologne served as a base for the Carolingian conversion of the Saxons and Frisians. In 7. 95 the chaplain to Charlemagne, Hildebold, was elevated to the newly created archbishopric of Cologne.
After the death of Charlemagne, Cologne became part of Middle Francia. Archbishop Gunther was excommunicated in 8. Lothair II. In 8. Gunther's successor Wilbert consecrated what would become known as the Alter Dom (old cathedral), the predecessor of Cologne Cathedral. With the death of Lothair in 8. Cologne fell to East Francia under Louis the German.
The city was burnt down by Vikings in the winter of 8. In the early 1. 0th century, the dukes of Lorraine seceded from East Francia. Cologne passed to East Francia but was soon reconquered by Henry the Fowler, deciding its fate as a city of the Holy Roman Empire (and eventually Germany) rather than France. Cologne in the Holy Roman Empire. He was responsible for the construction of the first cathedral, a square building erected early in the 4th century. In 7. 94, Hildebald (or Hildebold) was the first Bishop of Cologne to be appointed archbishop.
The archbishops of Cologne became very influential as advisers to the Saxon, Salian and Hohenstaufen dynasties. From 1. 03. 1 they also held the office of Arch- Chancellor of Italy. Their authority culminated. Between 1. 21. 6 and 1. Engelbert fought for the establishment and security of the archdiocese of Cologne both as an ecclesiastical authority and as a secular territory. This led to his murder in 1. Construction of the Gothic cathedral started in 1.
Konrad von Hochstaden. The eastern arm was completed and consecrated in 1. Construction of the western arm was halted in 1. In 1. 07. 4 the commune was formed.
By the 1. 3th century, the relationship between the city and its archbishop had become difficult, and after the Battle of Worringen in 1. Brabant and the citizenry of Cologne captured Archbishop Siegfried of Westerburg (1.
To regain his liberty the archbishop recognized the political independence of Cologne but reserved certain rights, notably the administration of justice. Cologne effectively became a free city after 1. France on May 2. 8, 1. The Archbishopric of Cologne was a state in its own right within the Holy Roman Empire, but the city was independent, and the archbishops were usually not allowed to enter it. Instead, they took up residence in Bonn and later in Br.
From 1. 58. 3 to 1. Wittelsbach dynasty. As powerful electors, the archbishops repeatedly challenged Cologne's free status during the 1. The first pogrom against the Jews of Cologne occurred in 1. Black Death. They were allowed back again in 1.
Early modern period. One of those executed was Katharina Henot, the first known female postmaster of Germany and an influential citizen. She apparently fell victim to a conspiracy of her enemies among the city authorities after proceedings which were flawed according to the laws of the period. Long- distance trade in the Baltic intensified as the major trading towns came together in the Hanseatic League under the leadership of L. The League was a business alliance of trading cities and their guilds that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe.
It flourished from the 1. The chief cities were Cologne on the Rhine, Hamburg and Bremen on the North Sea, and L. The Hanseatic League gave merchants special privileges in member cities, which dominated trade in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Cologne's hinterland in Germany gave it an added advantage over the other Hanseatic cities, and it became the largest city in Germany and the region.
Cologne's central location on the Rhine placed it at the intersection of the major trade routes between east and west and was the basis of Cologne's growth. With the bishop not resident, the city was ruled by patricians (merchants carrying on long- distance trade). The craftsmen formed guilds, which sought to obtain control of the towns. The guilds were governed by strict rules.
A few were open to women. Society was divided into sharply demarcated classes: the clergy, physicians, merchants, and various guilds of artisans; full citizenship was not available to paupers.
Political tensions arose from issues of taxation, public spending, regulation of business, and market supervision, as well as the limits of corporate autonomy. In the following years the French consolidated their presence. In 1. 79. 8 the city became an arrondissement in the newly created D. In the same year the University of Cologne was closed. In 1. 80. 1 all citizens of Cologne were granted French citizenship. The French occupation ended in 1. Cologne was occupied by Prussian and Russian troops.
In 1. 81. 5 Cologne and the Rhineland were allocated to Prussia. Weimar Republic. Konrad Adenauer, mayor of Cologne from 1. West German chancellor, acknowledged the political impact of this approach, especially that the British opposed French plans for a permanent Allied occupation of the Rhineland. The demilitarization of the Rhineland required the fortifications to be dismantled. This was taken as an opportunity to create two green belts (Gr.
This project was completed in 1. In 1. 91. 9 Cologne University, closed by the French in 1. It was considered a substitute for the German University of Strasbourg, which became part of France along with the rest of Alsace. Cologne prospered during the Weimar Republic and progress was made especially in governance, city planning and social affairs.
Social housing projects were considered exemplary and were copied by other German cities. As Cologne competed to host the Olympics, a modern sports stadium was erected at M. Beginning of the 1. Cologne Butzweilerhof Airport soon became a hub for national and international air traffic, second in Germany only to Berlin Tempelhof Airport.
Third Reich. The Nazis were always struggling for control of the city. Local elections on 1. March 1. 93. 3 resulted in the Nazi Party winning 3. Zentrum Party with 2.
Social Democratic Party of Germany with 1. Communist Party of Germany with 1. One day later, on 1. March, Nazi followers occupied the city hall and took over government. Communist and Social Democratic members of the city assembly were imprisoned, and Mayor Adenauer was dismissed. When the Nazis came to power in 1. Jewish population of Cologne was about 2.
By 1. 93. 9, 4. 0% of the city's Jews had emigrated. The vast majority of those who remained had been deported to concentration camps by 1. The trade fair grounds next to the Deutz train station were used to herd the Jewish population together for deportation to the death camps and for disposal of their household goods by public sale. On Kristallnacht in 1. Cologne's synagogues were desecrated or set on fire. It was planned to rebuild a large part of the inner city, with a main road connecting the Deutz station and the main station, which was to be moved from next to the cathedral to an area adjacent to today's university campus, with a huge field for rallies, the Maifeld, next to the main station.
The Maifeld, between the campus and the Aachener Weiher artificial lake, was the only part of this over- ambitious plan to be realized before the start of the war. After the war, the remains of the Maifeld were buried with rubble from bombed buildings and turned into a park with rolling hills, which was christened Hiroshima- Nagasaki- Park in August 2. An inconspicuous memorial to the victims of the Nazi regime is situated on one of the hills. On the night of 3.
Between 4. 69 and 4. It was estimated that up to 1.
Cologne's population of around 7. The Royal Air Force lost 4.
By the end of World War II, 9. Cologne's buildings had been destroyed by Alliedaerial bombing raids, most of them flown by the RAF.
Six of them were 1. Edelweiss Pirates youth gang, including Barthel Schink; Fritz Theilen survived. The bombings continued and people moved out.